Both primary and secondary data sources were used and data. The aim of this study was to understand the association of crop production with climate variability in the central highlands of ethiopia. Farmers perception and adaptive capacity to climate change and variability in the upper catchment of blue nile, ethiopia 8 atps working paper no. Natural climate variability and longterm climate trends both contribute to fluctuations in weather that affect operations in water resources, agriculture, energy, health and more. The main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of climate change and variability on the livelihood of the local community in the study area. It has three different climate zones according to elevation. Ethiopian seasonal rainfall variability and prediction. Abstract the report is part of a broader study, the economics of adaptation to climate change eacc, which has two objectives. Because ethiopias economy is mainly dependent on rainfed agriculture, the failure or the goodness of seasonal rainfall is incredibly decisive the countrys socio economic functioning in particular, food production. Climate change forum ethiopia ccfe, welcomed all the participants and emphasized the importance of capacitybuilding in averting the already visible impacts of climate change and variability in the east africa region in general and ethiopia in particular. One of the reasons for limited investigation of climate change and variability over ethiopia is absence of homogeneous and continuous climate variables such as temperature and rainfall. The climate variability and drought frequency over potential crop growing regions of ethiopia during 1983.
The effect of climate change and variability on the. Farmers perception and adaptive capacity to climate. We used monthly rainfall and temperature data from 2 points each representing a pixel of 10. Climate change adaptation in ethiopia climate change. The effect of climate change on water resources and programs introduction the goal of this module is to educate water program managers, as well as the general public, on the expected effects of climate change on water resources and water programs. Ethiopias economy and the wellbeing of its people varies, in part, with the climate. This knowledge will help us to prepare for and adapt to the effects of climate change. Climate is the longterm average of weather, typically averaged over a period of 30 years. Measuring ethiopian farmers vulnerability to climate change. Jun 07, 2018 ethiopias economy and the wellbeing of its people varies, in part, with the climate. Climate variability and climate change in doba district, west hararghe, ethiopia belaineh legesse1 yared ayele2 woldeamlak bewket3 abstract this study assessed farmers perceptions and adaptation to climate variability and change in doba district, west hararghe, ethiopia. Projected climate change in ethiopia is expected to result in increased variability in precipitation and in an increase in temperature 1. The study also investigated determinant factors influencing. Developing climate adaptation wiley online library.
Rainfall variability and associated drought have been major causes of the countrys food shortages and famine. Livelihood vulnerability to climate variability and change. Ethiopia establishes national framework for climate services. Farmers perception and adaptive capacity to climate change. The effect of climate change on water resources and. This study was aimed to assess perception of smallholder farmers. Climate change forumethiopia ccfe, welcomed all the participants and emphasized the importance of capacitybuilding in averting the already visible impacts of climate change and variability in the east africa region in general and ethiopia in particular.
Climate change adaptation, thought leadership and assessments atlas prepared by. Ethiopia is in the tropical zone laying between the equator and the tropic of cancer. Response of streamflow to climate variability and changes. The african continent, while contributing least to greenhouse gas ghg emissions, is most vulnerable and will be hit hardest by the. Pastoralists and smallscale farmers are already feeling these impacts in their food security and livelihood opportunities. May 21, 2016 rainfall is a key component of the hydrological cycle, and its spatiotemporal variability is essential from the both scientific and practical perspectives. The climate change adaptation activities in east africa notably in ethiopia and. Ricardian approach1 temesgen tadesse deressa2 1 an earlier version of this working paper was published as ceepa discussion paper number 25. Current climate variability adversely affects health in ethiopia, and climate change is likely to impose new stresses, resulting in a number of direct and indirect impacts, summarized in the table below.
In ethiopia, the climate varies mostly with altitude, and it goes from the hot and arid climate of the lowlands to the cool climate of the plateau. On the impact of weather variability and climate change on. Most rural people live in the highlands and middlehighlands, which comprise only onethird of the country, and this population tends to be. Climate variability and change in ethiopia global climate. The increase in air temperature and variability in.
Local innovation in climatechange adaptation by ethiopian. Adapting to the impacts of climate variability and change on. Kolla tropical zone is below 1830 metres in elevation and has an average annual temperature of about 27 degree celsius with annual rainfall about 510 millimetres. Climate change impacts on pastoral women in ethiopia. Undps climate change country profile for ethiopia, ipcc reports, ethiopias national adaptation programme of. The impact of climate change and adaptation on food.
Improving farmlevel use of multiple climate change adaptation strategies. Analysis of climate variability and droughts in east. Highresolution monthly rainfall database for ethiopia. It is a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition. In ethiopia, however, increased frequencies of extreme events such as drought and flooding, attributed to climate change, undermines the pastoral livelihood systems.
Longterm trends in rainfall and temperature using high. Of the 18 agroecological zones, 11 agroecological zones, representing more than 74% of the country, were selected and total of farmers from 50 districts were interviewed. Lying just north of the equator, the country experiences little variation in temperature throughout the year. Fernanda zermoglio chemonics international anna steynor climate systems analysis group, university of cape town. Local innovation in climatechange adaptation by ethiopian pastoralists 2 the famines were due not only to shortage of rain but also to extended or excessive rain. The seasonality of rainfall varies in different areas of ethiopia. Ethiopia is also frequently identified as a country that is highly vulnerable to climate variability and change. Study session 11 impacts of climate change in ethiopia. Trends and spatial distribution of annual and seasonal. Ethiopia provides a good example of the influence of climate variability. This study is focused on analysis of temporal variability and trends in historical rainfall records for stations in the geba river basin. Climate variability and climate change and their impacts on kenyas agricultural sector. Undps climate change country profile for ethiopia, ipcc reports, ethiopias national adaptation programme of action napa, scuk livelihood reports, and other relevant research reports.
As a result, the reliable seasonal rainfall prediction would have several advantages for agricultural activities, water management, health malaria control and drought. The main purpose of this study was to identify the determinant factors that influence the choice of farmers adaptation strategies to climate variability from 110 households in dera woreda, south gondar zone, ethiopia. According to recent estimates, this unprecedented climate variability will first occur in the tropics and among lowincome countries, where the projected mean climate may continuously move outside the bounds of historical variability already in 2034, about 17 years earlier than the global average mora et al. Analysis of variability and trends in rainfall over northern. Analysis of vulnerability and resilience to climate change. Some of the meteorological variables that are commonly measured are temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, and precipitation. The new series begins with number 00689, reflecting the prior publication of 688 discussion papers. Watching the decisionmakers in ethiopia, researchers partnered with the national meteorological agency to help clean the historical data from a sparse network of weather stations and merge the. On the impact of weather variability and climate change on agriculture. Therefore, this study aimed at modeling impacts of climate change on bread wheat production using crop simulation modeling approach for possible climate change scenarios in the central. Increased malnutrition, diarrhea, and malaria have been identified as the impacts of greatest significance. The negative consequences of climate change in africa are already happening as prevalent from frequent floods, droughts and shift in marginal agricultural systems collier et al. Adapting to the impacts of climate variability and change.
Climate change in ethiopia variability, impact, mitigation, and adaptation article pdf available may 2016 with 22,927 reads how we measure reads. N, ethiopias climate is typically tropical in the south. Ethiopia in general the dera woreda in particular is not an exception in this regard. Pdf climate change in ethiopia variability, impact. The potential adverse effects of climate change on ethiopias agricultural sector are a major concern, particularly given the countrys dependence on agricultural production, which is sensitive to climate change and variability. Climate change, growth, and poverty in ethiopia ethiopia. Implications of and possible responses to climate change of and. Countries in east africa are particularly prone to climate variability e. The climate change impact on agriculture is believed to be stronger in subsaharan africa. These disruptions can take a major toll on a countrys economy if a significant part of economic activity is sensitive to the weather and climate. Rising temperatures are exposing more people to malaria. Nationally, the link between drought and crop production is widely recognized, but. Effects of climate change variability on agricultural. Analysis of variability and trends in rainfall over.
Pdf climate change in ethiopia variability, impact, mitigation, and. Local climate variability and crop production in the central. Climate ethiopia average weather, temperature, rainfall, when to go, what to pack in ethiopia, the climate varies mostly with altitude, and it goes from the hot and arid climate of the lowlands to the cool climate of the plateau. Analysis of climate variability and droughts in east africa. Determinants of farmers choice of adaptation to climate. Nbi climate change strategy 1 nbi climate change strategy 1.
Modeling climate change impacts on bread wheat triticum. The effect of climate change variability and change on crop production longterm mean climate change will have significance impacts on global food production and may require ongoing adaptation, greater risks to food security may be posed by changes in yeartoyear variability and extreme weather events. Measuring the economic impact of climate change on ethiopian. It supports 400 development projects and programmes in 57 countries in africa, asia and latin america. Ethiopia economics of adaptation to climate change. In a broader sense, climate is the state of the components of the climate system, which includes the ocean and ice on earth. Missing data are, in particular, a source of problems in climate research e. Analysis of climate variability and change as a basis for adaptation and mitigation strategies requires longterm observations. Owing to the disruption of the delicate balance of pasture e. Climate variability and human activities are two major drivers influencing changes in streamflow response of a watershed, and thus assessing their relative effect is essential for developing sustainable water resources planning and management strategies at watershedscale.
Climate variability can cause abrupt disruptions, such as floods, droughts, or tropical storms. Climate variability and household adaptation strategies in southern ethiopia. However, the limited availability of ground station data constrains studies focusing on detecting variability and changes in climate and drought monitoring, particularly in developing countries of east africa. Summary of findings vi acknowledgements the authors would like to acknowledge elizabeth strange and the climate systems analysis group of the university of cape town for the fieldwork and analysis that contributed to this report. Pastoralists perception of climate change in the region is found to be very. North shewa zone is located in the northwestern direction of addis ababa. Jan 28, 2017 climate variability and human activities are two major drivers influencing changes in streamflow response of a watershed, and thus assessing their relative effect is essential for developing sustainable water resources planning and management strategies at watershedscale.
The report is part of a broader study, the economics of adaptation to climate change eacc, which has two objectives. Evidence from ethiopia mintewab bezabih, salvatore di falco, and alemu mekonnen abstract weather fluctuations tend to be as important as climate change in farmers decision making in countries such as ethiopia that have virtually no weather insurance. Most important of all, however, is that because of the long history of climate variability and change the local people have developed. Pdf climate change refers to long term fluctuations of temperature, precipitation, wind and other elements of earths climate system. Climate risks and development projects assessment report for a communitylevel project in guduru, oromiya, ethiopia marius keller bread for all, november 2009 bread for all is the swiss protestant churches development agency. Pdf climate variability and farmers perception in southern. It accounts for approximately 11 percent of the national calorie intake in the country 200 kcalday in urban areas, 310 kcal day in rural areas 26. Rainfall is a key component of the hydrological cycle, and its spatiotemporal variability is essential from the both scientific and practical perspectives.
The region is facing an increasing trend in maximum and minimum temperature and temperature extremes e. Perception of and response to climate change by maizedependent. A basin scale indicator approach to understanding the risk to water resources development and management september 2011. In ethiopia, the project is built on a model of vulnerability that includes. Climate variability, adaptation strategies and food security in malawi. The geba catchment is surrounded by the danakil basin in the east, by the tekeze river basin in the. Climate change is expected to increase the surface temperature of the earth and the oceans, raise sea levels, alter the global distribution of rainfall, affect the direction of ocean currents and major airstreams, and increase the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. Climate ethiopia climates to travel world climate guide. The topography is ragged terrain with some mountains. Review of climate data from the national meteorological agency nma and the famine early warning system network fews net. Global climate has changed in recent decades and exposes a significant impact on the environment and on social and economic wellbeing 1,2. Local climate variability and crop production in the.
Sustainability free fulltext climate variability and household. In this study, a runoff model driven by rainfall and potential evapotranspiration was established to estimate the effect. The relevance of climate and its variability on natural. Net revenue was regressed on climate, household and soil variables. Pdf e study aims to analyze climate variability and farmers perception in southern ethiopia. Climate change induced vulnerability of smallholder farmers. Strenghtening capacity for climate change adaptation in the. Weather variability, climate change and agricultural productivity in ethiopia. Most important of all, however, is that because of the long history of climate.
Measuring the economic impact of climate change on. Climate change impact on livelihood, vulnerability and. Climate variability and its impacts on food production 263 methodology the study area. United states agency for international development. Climate variability and change in ethiopia december 2015 the usaid climate change adaptation, thought leadership and assessment atlas activity has undertaken field work and analysis to provide guidance to the food for peace ffp program in ethiopia identifying and prioritizing climate risk and developing illustrative interventions that. Study session 11 impacts of climate change in ethiopia introduction. General climate ethiopia makes up the greater part of the east african horn of africa. Data from 87 weather stations across the country were used for this. A number of climate change impact studies have been. Ethiopia is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate variability. Introduction there is a growing understanding that climate variability and change poses serious challenges to development in ethiopia. Climate change induced vulnerability of smallholder. Oxfam and its partners have been working to design solutions to help them become more resilient. Strenghtening capacity for climate change adaptation in.
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